xi
Foreword: Lecture Guide ................................................................iii
Foreword: Student Guide ................................................................ix
Lesson 1: Principles of Magnetic Particle Testing .............................................1
Introduction ...........................................................................1
Capabilities of Magnetic Particle Testing ...................................................1
Magnets and Magnetic Fields ............................................................1
Magnetic Fields .....................................................................2
Detection of Discontinuities ...........................................................2
Law of Magnetism ......................................................................2
Materials Influenced by Magnetic Fields ................................................2
Characteristics of Magnetic Fields ........................................................2
Personnel Qualifications .................................................................3
Lesson 1 Quiz ..........................................................................5
Lesson 2: Effects of Discontinuities on Materials .............................................7
Surface Discontinuities ..................................................................7
Scratches ..........................................................................7
Subsurface Discontinuities ...............................................................7
Lesson 2 Quiz ..........................................................................9
Lesson 3: Magnetization ................................................................11
Magnetization Methods ................................................................11
Circular Fields .........................................................................11
Direct Magnetization ...............................................................11
Indirect Magnetization ..............................................................11
Skin Effect .........................................................................12
Inducing Magnetic Fields in Test Objects ...............................................12
Equipment for Inducing Circular Fields .................................................12
Contact Plates .................................................................12
Prods ..........................................................................12
Discontinuity Detection .............................................................12
Longitudinal Fields .....................................................................12
Field Strength and Direction .........................................................13
Discontinuities Detected by Longitudinal Fields .........................................13
Advantages of Longitudinal Magnetization ............................................13
Contents
Foreword: Lecture Guide ................................................................iii
Foreword: Student Guide ................................................................ix
Lesson 1: Principles of Magnetic Particle Testing .............................................1
Introduction ...........................................................................1
Capabilities of Magnetic Particle Testing ...................................................1
Magnets and Magnetic Fields ............................................................1
Magnetic Fields .....................................................................2
Detection of Discontinuities ...........................................................2
Law of Magnetism ......................................................................2
Materials Influenced by Magnetic Fields ................................................2
Characteristics of Magnetic Fields ........................................................2
Personnel Qualifications .................................................................3
Lesson 1 Quiz ..........................................................................5
Lesson 2: Effects of Discontinuities on Materials .............................................7
Surface Discontinuities ..................................................................7
Scratches ..........................................................................7
Subsurface Discontinuities ...............................................................7
Lesson 2 Quiz ..........................................................................9
Lesson 3: Magnetization ................................................................11
Magnetization Methods ................................................................11
Circular Fields .........................................................................11
Direct Magnetization ...............................................................11
Indirect Magnetization ..............................................................11
Skin Effect .........................................................................12
Inducing Magnetic Fields in Test Objects ...............................................12
Equipment for Inducing Circular Fields .................................................12
Contact Plates .................................................................12
Prods ..........................................................................12
Discontinuity Detection .............................................................12
Longitudinal Fields .....................................................................12
Field Strength and Direction .........................................................13
Discontinuities Detected by Longitudinal Fields .........................................13
Advantages of Longitudinal Magnetization ............................................13
Contents