ii
Copyright © 2015 by The American Society for Nondestructive Testing Inc.
The American Society for Nondestructive Testing Inc. (ASNT) is not responsible for the authenticity or accuracy of information
herein. Published opinions and statements do not necessarily reflect the opinion of ASNT. Products or services that are advertised
or mentioned do not carry the endorsement or recommendation of ASNT.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by means electronic or mechanical including
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the expressed prior written permission of The American Society for Nondestructive
Testing Inc.
IRRSP, NDT Handbook, The NDT Technician, and asnt.org are trademarks of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing Inc.
ACCP, ASNT, ASNT Daily, Chat NDT with ASNT, Level III Study Guide, Materials Evaluation, Nondestructive Testing Handbook,
Research in Nondestructive Evaluation, and RNDE are registered trademarks of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing
Inc.
A complete catalog of titles is available on the ASNT website at source.asnt.org.
Second Edition
first printing 02/15
second printing 06/18
third printing 04/22
fourth printing 01/25
Errata, if available for this printing, may be obtained from the product page on ASNT’s website, source.asnt.org. Errata for
out-of-print books may be obtained by contacting ASNT Customer Support. Ebooks contain all corrections and updates,
including the latest errata.
ISBN: 978-1-57117-350-8
Printed in the United States of America
Published by:
The American Society for Nondestructive Testing Inc.
1201 Dublin Road, Suite #G4
Columbus, OH 43215asnt.org
Written for ASNT by: Duane Badger
Edited by: Bob Conklin, Educational Materials Editor Assisted by: Cynthia M. Leeman, Educational Materials Supervisor
Tim Jones, Senior Manager of Publications
ASNT Mission Statement:
ASNT’s mission is to advance the field of nondestructive testing.
ASNT Code of Ethics:The ASNT Code of Ethics was developed to provide members of the Society with broad ethical statements
to guide their professional lives. In spirit and in word, each ASNT member is responsible for knowing and adhering to the values
and standards set forth in the Society’s Code. More information, as well as the complete version of the Code of Ethics, can be
found on ASNT’s website, asnt.org.
Copyright © 2015 by The American Society for Nondestructive Testing Inc.
The American Society for Nondestructive Testing Inc. (ASNT) is not responsible for the authenticity or accuracy of information
herein. Published opinions and statements do not necessarily reflect the opinion of ASNT. Products or services that are advertised
or mentioned do not carry the endorsement or recommendation of ASNT.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by means electronic or mechanical including
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the expressed prior written permission of The American Society for Nondestructive
Testing Inc.
IRRSP, NDT Handbook, The NDT Technician, and asnt.org are trademarks of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing Inc.
ACCP, ASNT, ASNT Daily, Chat NDT with ASNT, Level III Study Guide, Materials Evaluation, Nondestructive Testing Handbook,
Research in Nondestructive Evaluation, and RNDE are registered trademarks of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing
Inc.
A complete catalog of titles is available on the ASNT website at source.asnt.org.
Second Edition
first printing 02/15
second printing 06/18
third printing 04/22
fourth printing 01/25
Errata, if available for this printing, may be obtained from the product page on ASNT’s website, source.asnt.org. Errata for
out-of-print books may be obtained by contacting ASNT Customer Support. Ebooks contain all corrections and updates,
including the latest errata.
ISBN: 978-1-57117-350-8
Printed in the United States of America
Published by:
The American Society for Nondestructive Testing Inc.
1201 Dublin Road, Suite #G4
Columbus, OH 43215asnt.org
Written for ASNT by: Duane Badger
Edited by: Bob Conklin, Educational Materials Editor Assisted by: Cynthia M. Leeman, Educational Materials Supervisor
Tim Jones, Senior Manager of Publications
ASNT Mission Statement:
ASNT’s mission is to advance the field of nondestructive testing.
ASNT Code of Ethics:The ASNT Code of Ethics was developed to provide members of the Society with broad ethical statements
to guide their professional lives. In spirit and in word, each ASNT member is responsible for knowing and adhering to the values
and standards set forth in the Society’s Code. More information, as well as the complete version of the Code of Ethics, can be
found on ASNT’s website, asnt.org.