Outlook – Application of These Principles We see the following opportunities for the application of these principles in digitali- zation of inspection processes and digital transformation of inspection industry Ñ Basis for Much More. Profound transformation requires the commu- nity to revise governance and controls. These principles will form the basis for revisions to regulations, certifications, standards, confor- mance, and compliance require- ments, as well as best practice recommendations. Ñ Organizational Alignment. As we are getting more and more dispersed globally—delegating authority and responsibility across cultures—it is important for managers to have clarity on what is acceptable and preferred. These principles make a useful leadership tool to keep the organization aligned and focused on meaningful actions. Ñ Building a Strategic Roadmap. Transformation requires a strategic roadmap that can handle higher levels of uncertainty, rapid obsoles- cence, multiple concurrent changes, and new skills. These principles help align various facets of organizational change, reduce conflict, validate the roadmap for purpose, and gover- nance of its pursuit. In addition, these can help with assessment processes before and alignment after a merger/acquisition. Ñ Developing New NDE Products and Services. There will be times when it will be difficult to meet all of the desired requirements for the digitalized product and service system concurrently. In such situ- ations, principles help make the right choices, prioritize the proper selection of alternatives, and reduce internal conflict. Ñ Talent Development. NDE is transi- tioning from a niche role as a quality control support instrument to an invaluable knowledge-generating process for creating value through substantial improvements in busi- ness sustainability, quality, and safety. These principles shape those instances and transform how we recruit and develop NDE practi- tioners in alignment with an NDE 4.0 roadmap. Ñ Regular NDE Activity. These prin- ciples enhance the value extracted from NDE 4.0 activities, be it in-production inspection on the shop floor or in-service inspection of a high-value asset. Your Turn to Adopt and Adapt When you look deeply, you will see the intent behind the organized structure to support the applications. These are focused on the responsible use of tech- nology for a profound transformative purpose. With that in mind, you are welcome to tailor this set to your busi- ness situation, your supply chain, your customer expectations, and your desire to push innovation. You can even add some of your own to the mix. Dropping any one of them permanently is not advisable. AUTHORS Ripi Singh, PhD: Inspiring Next, Cromwell, CT, USA 1-860-816-4420 ripi@inspiring next.com Ramon Salvador Fernandez: AST NDT Level III (MT, PT, RT, UT, VT, LT), President and CEO, Fercon Group, Mexico +52 3331292560 ramon@fercon.group Johannes Vrana, PhD: Vrana GmbH, Rimsting, Germany contact@vrana.net REFERENCES 1. Singh, Ripi. 2019. “The Next Revolution in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation: What and How? “ Materials Evaluation 77 (1): 45–50. 2. ICNDT-SIG-4.0-DMG-2-2022 NDE 4.0 Deployment Management – Guidance, Under review with ICNDT Expert panel. 3. Singh, Ripi, Ramon Fernandez, and Johannes Vrana. 2022. “Principles for Successful Deployment of NDE 4.0.” Journal of Non Destructive Testing and Evaluation 19 (4): 28–34. Retrieved from http://jnde.isnt.in/index.php/JNDE/article/ view/21 4. Singh, Ripi, and Ramon Fernandez, 2022. NDE 4.0: How to Embrace and Thrive Now? Independently published. SCANNER | NDEOUTLOOK | PARTICIPATE ASNT CERTIFICATION PREP COURSES ASNT Certification Prep Courses are now offered both online and in person in Houston, Texas. The subject matter for all courses is derived from the training topics found in CP-105, Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A, and CP-189. Courses have limited class sizes for optimal learning. ASNT Certification Prep Courses are considered Level III courses and are designed for those who are currently Level II or III and are looking to become an ASNT NDT Level III or to maintain their Level III status. To register, go to asnt.org Learn Refresher/Certification Prep Courses. NEW CYBER INSURANCE In addition to comprehensive and affordable professional liability insurance coverage, Alliant, the provider of ASNT’s insurance program, now offers a standalone cyber liability policy for ASNT members. To learn more about how Alliant can reduce cyber liability risk and protect your business, visit asnt. alliant.com. NEW PRESS RELEASE INBOX Have a press release that you’d like to submit for publication in Materials Evaluation? ASNT accepts outside submissions for Industry News, People Watch, New Media, Products, and Photos. Submit your press release to press@asnt.org for consideration and review. 16 M AT E R I A L S E V A L U AT I O N • J A N U A R Y 2 0 2 3 2301 ME Jan New.indd 16 12/20/22 8:15 AM

IN SITU LASER ULTRASOUND- BASED RAYLEIGH WAVE PROCESS MONITORING OF DED-AM METALS C. Bakre, T. Meyer, C. Jamieson, A.R. Nassar, E.W. Reutzel, and C.J. Lissenden A laser ultrasound system is integrated into a directed energy deposition additive manufacturing (DED-AM) chamber to use Rayleigh waves for process monitoring in a noncontact layer-by-layer mode. Layers of Ti-6Al-4V are deposited and then interrogated with ultrasonic Rayleigh waves that are sensitive to flaws and material nonuniformi- ties. The novel integrated material processing and monitoring system is described in detail. Process parameters are intentionally altered to create flaws and anomalies to demonstrate some capabilities of the monitoring system. The generation laser actuates either broadband pulses with a cylindrical lens or narrowband wave packets with a slit mask, which are received in through-transmission mode by a laser interferometer despite the inherent surface roughness. Flaws are detected through comparison to a reference state. https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2022.2120652 TOWARDS IN SITU CHARACTERIZATION OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED PARTS USING NONLINEAR RESONANCE ULTRASONIC SPECTROSCOPY Prabhakaran Manogharan, Jacques Rivière, and Parisa Shokouhi In this study, we investigate the feasibility of nonlinear resonance ultrasound spectroscopy (NRUS) for in-situ monitoring of additively manufactured (AM) parts, i.e., while they are still on the build plate. In NRUS, the test specimen is excited around one of its resonance frequencies with increasing driving amplitude. The linear shift in resonance frequency with the increasing driving amplitude is a measure of the constituent material’s hysteretic nonlinearity (α). We conduct NRUS on test specimens glued to a thick plate. The specimens are excited using a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) adhered to the bottom of the plate. We measure the hysteretic nonlinearity parameters (αf and αQ) of several cylindrical AM specimens fabricated by laser powder bed fusion technique. The measured nonlinearity parameters for the specimens on the build plate are compared to those measured without the build plate. We observe a systematic decrease in the measured nonlinearity when the specimens are tested on the build plate. An analytical study demonstrates that we measure the weighted average nonlinearity of the specimen and build plate, which itself has a lower nonlinearity. Despite the observed difference, the measured nonlinearity parameters of the spec- imens with and without the build plate are highly correlated. https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2022.2103219 ULTRASONIC NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED PHOTOPOLYMERS Luz D. Sotelo, Amelia O. Vignola, Celeste A. Brown, Kaushik Sampath, and Matthew D. Guild Advanced applications of polymer additive manu- facturing (AM) require knowledge of the material acoustic and complex elastic properties. Recently, ultrasound nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods have been applied to the understanding of AM polymers manufactured with a variety of methods. Nonetheless, the available information is still limited to a few materials and frequency ranges, and knowledge of shear acoustic properties and complex elastic properties of AM polymers is lacking. In this study, ultrasound measurements of compressional and shear phase velocity and atten- uation are used to experimentally determine the complex elastic properties of 14 AM photopolymers manufactured using PolyJet systems. The results provided in this paper are expected to aid in the design of advanced polymer AM structures and highlight the value of ultrasound NDE for the charac- terization of AM polymers. https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2022.2151058 RNDE Abstracts presents papers recently accepted to ASNT’s journal Research in Nondestructive Evaluation. To subscribe to RNDE visit asnt.org/store/rndemagazine. For individual paper access, visit the ASNT NDT Library at ndtlibrary.asnt.org. RNDEABSTRACTS | SCANNER EARN CEUS WITH ON-DEMAND WEBINARS Looking for a quick way to earn recertification points? ASNT Learn is here for you! Recordings of selected past webinars may be accessed and viewed for credit. Webinars are divided into sections by topic. To view the lineup, go to pathlms.com/asnt/courses and scroll down to “Webinar Recordings for Credit.” Price: ASNT member US$29, nonmember US$49. Credit value per webinar: 1.0 contact hour (0.1 CEU) 0.35 recerti- fication point. EXCLUSIVE HEALTH COVERAGE ASNT’s exclusive health coverage partner, LIG Solutions, wants you and your family to stay healthy for 2023. To learn more about all ASNT-endorsed business solutions and how to access this exclusive member benefit program, go to asnt.org Membership Benefits. To request more information, go to ligmembers.com/asnt. | SOCIETYNOTES J A N U A R Y 2 0 2 3 • M AT E R I A L S E V A L U AT I O N 17 2301 ME Jan New.indd 17 12/20/22 8:15 AM