IN SITU LASER ULTRASOUND- BASED RAYLEIGH WAVE PROCESS MONITORING OF DED-AM METALS C. Bakre, T. Meyer, C. Jamieson, A.R. Nassar, E.W. Reutzel, and C.J. Lissenden A laser ultrasound system is integrated into a directed energy deposition additive manufacturing (DED-AM) chamber to use Rayleigh waves for process monitoring in a noncontact layer-by-layer mode. Layers of Ti-6Al-4V are deposited and then interrogated with ultrasonic Rayleigh waves that are sensitive to flaws and material nonuniformi- ties. The novel integrated material processing and monitoring system is described in detail. Process parameters are intentionally altered to create flaws and anomalies to demonstrate some capabilities of the monitoring system. The generation laser actuates either broadband pulses with a cylindrical lens or narrowband wave packets with a slit mask, which are received in through-transmission mode by a laser interferometer despite the inherent surface roughness. Flaws are detected through comparison to a reference state. https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2022.2120652 TOWARDS IN SITU CHARACTERIZATION OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED PARTS USING NONLINEAR RESONANCE ULTRASONIC SPECTROSCOPY Prabhakaran Manogharan, Jacques Rivière, and Parisa Shokouhi In this study, we investigate the feasibility of nonlinear resonance ultrasound spectroscopy (NRUS) for in-situ monitoring of additively manufactured (AM) parts, i.e., while they are still on the build plate. In NRUS, the test specimen is excited around one of its resonance frequencies with increasing driving amplitude. The linear shift in resonance frequency with the increasing driving amplitude is a measure of the constituent material’s hysteretic nonlinearity (α). We conduct NRUS on test specimens glued to a thick plate. The specimens are excited using a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) adhered to the bottom of the plate. We measure the hysteretic nonlinearity parameters (αf and αQ) of several cylindrical AM specimens fabricated by laser powder bed fusion technique. The measured nonlinearity parameters for the specimens on the build plate are compared to those measured without the build plate. We observe a systematic decrease in the measured nonlinearity when the specimens are tested on the build plate. An analytical study demonstrates that we measure the weighted average nonlinearity of the specimen and build plate, which itself has a lower nonlinearity. Despite the observed difference, the measured nonlinearity parameters of the spec- imens with and without the build plate are highly correlated. https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2022.2103219 ULTRASONIC NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED PHOTOPOLYMERS Luz D. Sotelo, Amelia O. Vignola, Celeste A. Brown, Kaushik Sampath, and Matthew D. Guild Advanced applications of polymer additive manu- facturing (AM) require knowledge of the material acoustic and complex elastic properties. Recently, ultrasound nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods have been applied to the understanding of AM polymers manufactured with a variety of methods. Nonetheless, the available information is still limited to a few materials and frequency ranges, and knowledge of shear acoustic properties and complex elastic properties of AM polymers is lacking. In this study, ultrasound measurements of compressional and shear phase velocity and atten- uation are used to experimentally determine the complex elastic properties of 14 AM photopolymers manufactured using PolyJet systems. The results provided in this paper are expected to aid in the design of advanced polymer AM structures and highlight the value of ultrasound NDE for the charac- terization of AM polymers. https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2022.2151058 RNDE Abstracts presents papers recently accepted to ASNT’s journal Research in Nondestructive Evaluation. To subscribe to RNDE visit asnt.org/store/rndemagazine. For individual paper access, visit the ASNT NDT Library at ndtlibrary.asnt.org. RNDEABSTRACTS | SCANNER EARN CEUS WITH ON-DEMAND WEBINARS Looking for a quick way to earn recertification points? ASNT Learn is here for you! Recordings of selected past webinars may be accessed and viewed for credit. Webinars are divided into sections by topic. To view the lineup, go to pathlms.com/asnt/courses and scroll down to “Webinar Recordings for Credit.” Price: ASNT member US$29, nonmember US$49. Credit value per webinar: 1.0 contact hour (0.1 CEU) 0.35 recerti- fication point. EXCLUSIVE HEALTH COVERAGE ASNT’s exclusive health coverage partner, LIG Solutions, wants you and your family to stay healthy for 2023. To learn more about all ASNT-endorsed business solutions and how to access this exclusive member benefit program, go to asnt.org Membership Benefits. To request more information, go to ligmembers.com/asnt. | SOCIETYNOTES J A N U A R Y 2 0 2 3 • M AT E R I A L S E V A L U AT I O N 17 2301 ME Jan New.indd 17 12/20/22 8:15 AM

ASTM E2105-00(2016): STANDARD PRACTICE FOR GENERAL TECHNIQUES OF THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS (TGA) COUPLED WITH INFRARED ANALYSIS (TGA/IR) Thermogravimetric analyses are used for assessment of the thermo-mechanical properties of certain materials. Material characterization, which is defined as the process of measuring and determining the physical, chemical, mechanical, and microstructural properties of materials, has many overlaps with nondestruc- tive testing (NDT) techniques. In other words, in addition to inspection appli- cations, NDT techniques in many cases are applicable for material characteriza- tion or can be integrated into a material characterization technique for a more comprehensive assessment and provide extra information. ASTM E2105-00(2016) provides an overview and guideline for the process and machinery involved to achieve thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results and experiment with different materials. The scope of the standard practice involves several features that provide the overall use and expecta- tions of the analysis. The practice covers general techniques that provide quali- tative analyses of samples by using the thermogravimetric analysis coupled with infrared spectroscopy. The use of these two methods is usually named as TGA/ IR, which is a great example of materials characterization assisted by nondestruc- tive evaluation methods. A sample of material that undergoes this process is heated in a thermogravimetric furnace at a predetermined temperature profile and typically undergoes through one or more weight losses. Following the weight loss process, the samples are analyzed using infrared spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition and identity. Some thermal analysis instruments are designed to perform both thermogravi- metric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry simultaneously. The instru- ment used for this analysis is called a simultaneous thermal analyzer (STA). The final scope includes the use of values in SI units, regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in the standard practice. The newest version, released in 2016, gives feedback about certain changes in the analysis. The previous limitations of different spectroscopy analyses were modified in the new version of the standard, adding several analyses such as mass spectroscopy. Modifications such as the choice of infrared detectors were added to the standard, explaining how TGA/IR detec- tors, such as mercury-cadmium-telluride and deuterated triglycine sulfate are used in these analyses. General tech- niques were modified as well, such as the techniques in evolved gas trapping. These are the means for collecting TGA/ IR data. The gas is collected from the furnace in discrete aliquots, which are then analyzed. The overall application of the standard is to provide general guide- lines for the practice of thermogravim- etry coupled with infrared spectrometric detection and analysis. The practice assumes that the thermogravimetry involved in the practice is proper and well-used. Applications lie in the areas of manu- facturing engineering and material char- acterization. It is important to address the importance of these methods to under- stand the overall chemical composition of materials and samples. The use of ther- mogravimetry in samples will allow the user to understand the chemistry behind the process and get knowledge of how materials change at certain temperatures. STANDARDS EDITOR Hossein Taheri, PhD: Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA htaheri@ georgiasouthern.edu REFERENCES ASTM. 2016. ASTM E 2105-00(2016): Standard Practice for General Techniques of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Coupled with Infrared Analysis. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. AMERICAN NATIONAL DRAFT STANDARDS PROJECT INITIATION ANSI procedures require notification by ANSI- accredited standards developers of the initiation and scope of activities expected to result in new or revised American National Standards. The following is a list of proposed actions and new standards that have been received recently from accredited standards developers. To view information about additional standards for which a project initiation notification has been submitted, and to search approved American National Standards, please visit ansi.org, which is a database of standards information. Note that this database is not exhaustive. Ñ BSR/EIA 364-02D-2012 (R202x), Air Leakage Test Procedure for Electrical Connectors. This is a reaffirmation of ANSI/EIA 364-02D-2012 (R2017). This standard establishes a method to determine the integrity of the seal of the shell, insert, and contact interfaces in an electrical connector. SCANNER | STANDARDSUPDATE 18 M AT E R I A L S E V A L U AT I O N • J A N U A R Y 2 0 2 3 2301 ME Jan New.indd 18 12/20/22 8:15 AM