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AUTOMATED GEOMETRIC QUALITY INSPECTION OF REBAR LAYOUT USING RGBD DATA MAHSA SANEI*, XINXING YUAN†, FERNANDO MOREU‡, AND SREENIVAS ALAMPALLI§ ABSTRACT Quality control and quality assurance during construction is vital to ensure the structure is built as designed and durable. For reinforced concrete (RC) structures, rebar diameter, spacing, and concrete cover depth are critical in ensuring that the structure is designed for adequate strength and can maintain its service life without unplanned interventions. Once the rebar is laid out in the field, construction inspectors do the required quality control to ensure that the constructed rebar mat matches the design documents. The checks are made at finite points and thus can be improved with currently available technologies such as LiDAR, augmented reality (AR), and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs). This paper summarizes the available technologies for such an effort and focuses on using Red Blue Green Depth (RGBD) cameras as a quality control tool for construction inspection of RC structures such as buildings and bridges. A study conducted using an RGBD camera for estimating rebar diameter is presented in this paper. Results show that RGBD cameras have a very high potential as a low-cost, efficient tool for quality control of RC structures during construction. RGBD cameras can potentially augment current visual inspections in assuring the structures are built as per design drawings, meeting the appropriate specifications with acceptable accuracy. KEYWORDS: RGBD camera, 3D scanning, structural health monitoring, construction inspection, quality control Introduction Recent initiatives for automated quantification of inspection and monitoring have demonstrated the promise for efficient management of construction projects (Zucchi 2015). The auto- mated quantification system increases the data collection quality and enables real-time data processing for managers (Gucunski et al. 2015). The concept of e-construction, which calls for gathering, examining, authorizing, and disseminat- ing highway construction contract documents without the use of paper, has also been gaining attention among owners. To design processes and store documentation in a paper- based system, a substantial amount of time and money is required (Cawley and Duval n.d.). This arrangement is quickly becoming outdated in an age of immediate communication, on-the-go information access, and a tech workforce. One advantage of using an automated quantification inspection platform is that it can also provide a permanent record of the construction throughout the service life of the structure. It would not be possible or easy to record this information manually. As a result, engineers can interpret the recorded inspection data, compare it at a different stage, incorporate it into the project design and schedule, and make informed deci- sions (Kopsida et al. 2015). Most of the quality control methods used on construction sites are not good at recognizing defects early in the construc- tion or maintenance stage. This is due to the data collection at a certain time and location (Almadhoun et al. 2016). Therefore, these new technologies allow inspectors to monitor the status of the structure as construction progresses. They generate appropriate digital data that describe the as-built condition when the data was collected (Memarzadeh and Pozzi 2016). To perform quality control, this digital data must be compared to the project’s quality requirements derived from specific design and construction specifications. Also, the result of past inspec- tions can be overlaid with the newly captured data to see how the structure condition has changed with time (Wang et al. 2015). To date, the efforts in automation in construction inspec- tion enable inspectors to compare data collected during con- struction as a reference for long-term structural inspection and maintenance (Boukamp and Akinci 2007). It would be of value if in addition to the long-term structural construction inspec- tion, the human in the loop can have access to the data at the site during the inspection. This paper outlines the proposed objective quality control methodology for practical implementation in reinforced concrete (RC) structures’ construction inspections that take advantage of low-cost automated global assessment technology * Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 msanei@unm.edu † Quiroga-Pfeiffer Engineering Corp. (QPEC), 4343 Pan American Fwy. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87107 xyuan@qpec.org ‡ Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 fmoreu@unm.edu § Stantec, 3 Columbia Circle, Albany, NY 12203 sreenivas.alampalli@stantec.com Materials Evaluation 81 (1): 46–54 https://doi.org/10.32548/2023.me-04307 ©2023 American Society for Nondestructive Testing ME | TECHNICALPAPER 46 M AT E R I A L S E V A L U AT I O N • J A N U A R Y 2 0 2 3 2301 ME Jan New.indd 46 12/20/22 8:15 AM