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15. Tullu, A., M. Hassanalian, and H. Y. Hwang. 2022. “Design and
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Obstacle Avoidance.” Drones (Basel) 6 (4): 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/
drones6040089.
16. Sun, H., H. Yan, M. Hassanalian, J. Zhang, and A. Abdelkefi. 2023. “UAV
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Towards More Intelligent Applications.” Aerospace (Basel, Switzerland) 10
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17. Shahmoradi, J., P. Roghanchi, and M. Hassanalian. 2022. “Design,
Analysis, and Prototyping of a Spherical Drone for Underground Mines.”
International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Multiscale Mechanics 4
(1): 58–82. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTAMM.2022.122895.
18. Darvishpoor, S., J. Roshanian, A. Raissi, and M. Hassanalian. 2021.
“Configurations, Flight Mechanisms, and Applications of Unmanned Aerial
Systems: A Review.” Progress in Aerospace Sciences 121:100694. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2020.100694.
19. Shahmoradi, J., E. Talebi, P. Roghanchi, and M. Hassanalian. 2020. “A
Comprehensive Review of Applications of Drone Technology in the Mining
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20. Mirzaeinia, A., M. Hassanalian, M. Shekaramiz, and M. Mirzaeinia.
2019. “Loader and Tester Swarming Drones for Cellular Phone Network
Loading and Field Test: Non-stochastic Particle Swarm Optimization.”
Journal of Autonomous Intelligence 2 (2): 14–24. https://doi.org/10.32629/
jai.v2i2.46.
21. Hassanalian, M., and A. Abdelkefi. 2017. “Classifications, Applica-
tions, and Design Challenges of Drones: A Review.” Progress in Aerospace
Sciences 91:99–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2017.04.003.
22. Racette, J., C. Dunaway, M. Escarcega, J. Montoya, C. Dinelli, V.
Androulakis, H. Khaniani, S. Shao, P. Roghanchi, and M. Hassanalian.
2023. “Research and Design of Precision-Landing Drone in an Under-
ground GPS-Denied Environment.” AIAA Aviation 2023 Forum, 12–16 June
2023, San Diego, CA (and online). https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3625.
23. Irizarry, J., M. Gheisari, and B. N. Walker. “Usability Assessment of
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24. Seiber, C., D. Nowlin, B. Landowski, and M. E. Tolentino. 2018.
“Tracking Hazardous Aerial Plumes Using IoT-Enabled Drone Swarms.”
2018 IEEE 4th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT): 377–382. 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT.2018.8355118.
25. Aliyari, M., B. Ashrafi, and Y. Z. Ayele. 2022. “Hazards Identification
and Risk Assessment for UAV-Assisted Bridge Inspections.” Structure and
Infrastructure Engineering 18 (3): 412–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479
.2020.1858878.
26. Burgués, J., and S. Marco. 2020. “Environmental Chemical Sensing
Using Small Drones: A Review.” Science of the Total Environment
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27. Cruzan, M. B., B. G. Weinstein, M. R. Grasty, B. F. Kohrn, E. C.
Hendrickson, T. M. Arredondo, and P. G. Thompson. 2016. “Small
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Micro-UAVs, Drones) in Plant Ecology.” Appli-
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28. Steffen, L. “Defibrillator-Equipped Drones Are Already Saving Lives!”
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defibrillator-equipped-drones-are-already-saving-lives/.
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prime-air-prepares-for-drone-deliveries.
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wire.com/news-release/2020/04/27/2022615/0/en/UPS-Flight-Forward-
CVS-To-Launch-Residential-Drone-Delivery-Service-In-Florida
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utm-concept-operations-version-20-utm-conops-v20.
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Independent Drone Charging System.” Journal of Engineering (Stevenage,
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38. Chittoor, P. K., B. Chokkalingam, and L. Mihet-Popa. 2021. “A Review
on UAV Wireless Charging: Fundamentals, Applications, Charging Tech-
niques and Standards.” IEEE Access: Practical Innovations, Open Solutions
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station/.
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Over the Buildings Based on a Wireless Power Transfer System.” 2018
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Conference (I&CPS), 7–10 May 2018, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada: 1–6.
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43. Achtelik, M. C., J. Stumpf, D. Gurdan, and K.-M. Doth. 2011. “Design
of a Flexible High-Performance Quadcopter Platform Breaking the MAV
Endurance Record with Laser Power Beaming.” 2011 IEEE/RSJ Interna-
tional Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 25–30 September
2011, San Francisco, CA: 5166–5172. https://doi.org/10.1109/
IROS.2011.6094731.
44. Gentry, N. K., R. Hsieh, and L.K. Nguyen. 2016. Multi-Use UAV Docking
Station Systems and Methods. US Patent 9,387,928 B1, filed 18 December
2014, and issued 12 July 2016.
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A P R I L 2 0 2 5 • M AT E R I A L S E V A L U AT I O N 49
“Intrinsically Safe Drone Propulsion System for Underground Coal Mining
Applications: Computational and Experimental Studies.” Drones (Basel) 7
(1): 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7010044.
15. Tullu, A., M. Hassanalian, and H. Y. Hwang. 2022. “Design and
Implementation of Sensor Platform for UAV-Based Target Tracking and
Obstacle Avoidance.” Drones (Basel) 6 (4): 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/
drones6040089.
16. Sun, H., H. Yan, M. Hassanalian, J. Zhang, and A. Abdelkefi. 2023. “UAV
Platforms for Data Acquisition and Intervention Practices in Forestry:
Towards More Intelligent Applications.” Aerospace (Basel, Switzerland) 10
(3): 317. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10030317.
17. Shahmoradi, J., P. Roghanchi, and M. Hassanalian. 2022. “Design,
Analysis, and Prototyping of a Spherical Drone for Underground Mines.”
International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Multiscale Mechanics 4
(1): 58–82. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTAMM.2022.122895.
18. Darvishpoor, S., J. Roshanian, A. Raissi, and M. Hassanalian. 2021.
“Configurations, Flight Mechanisms, and Applications of Unmanned Aerial
Systems: A Review.” Progress in Aerospace Sciences 121:100694. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2020.100694.
19. Shahmoradi, J., E. Talebi, P. Roghanchi, and M. Hassanalian. 2020. “A
Comprehensive Review of Applications of Drone Technology in the Mining
Industry.” Drones (Basel) 4 (3): 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones4030034.
20. Mirzaeinia, A., M. Hassanalian, M. Shekaramiz, and M. Mirzaeinia.
2019. “Loader and Tester Swarming Drones for Cellular Phone Network
Loading and Field Test: Non-stochastic Particle Swarm Optimization.”
Journal of Autonomous Intelligence 2 (2): 14–24. https://doi.org/10.32629/
jai.v2i2.46.
21. Hassanalian, M., and A. Abdelkefi. 2017. “Classifications, Applica-
tions, and Design Challenges of Drones: A Review.” Progress in Aerospace
Sciences 91:99–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2017.04.003.
22. Racette, J., C. Dunaway, M. Escarcega, J. Montoya, C. Dinelli, V.
Androulakis, H. Khaniani, S. Shao, P. Roghanchi, and M. Hassanalian.
2023. “Research and Design of Precision-Landing Drone in an Under-
ground GPS-Denied Environment.” AIAA Aviation 2023 Forum, 12–16 June
2023, San Diego, CA (and online). https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3625.
23. Irizarry, J., M. Gheisari, and B. N. Walker. “Usability Assessment of
Drone Technology as Safety Inspection Tools.” ITcon 17 (2012): 194–212.
https://www.itcon.org/2012/12.
24. Seiber, C., D. Nowlin, B. Landowski, and M. E. Tolentino. 2018.
“Tracking Hazardous Aerial Plumes Using IoT-Enabled Drone Swarms.”
2018 IEEE 4th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT): 377–382. 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT.2018.8355118.
25. Aliyari, M., B. Ashrafi, and Y. Z. Ayele. 2022. “Hazards Identification
and Risk Assessment for UAV-Assisted Bridge Inspections.” Structure and
Infrastructure Engineering 18 (3): 412–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479
.2020.1858878.
26. Burgués, J., and S. Marco. 2020. “Environmental Chemical Sensing
Using Small Drones: A Review.” Science of the Total Environment
748:141172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141172.
27. Cruzan, M. B., B. G. Weinstein, M. R. Grasty, B. F. Kohrn, E. C.
Hendrickson, T. M. Arredondo, and P. G. Thompson. 2016. “Small
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Micro-UAVs, Drones) in Plant Ecology.” Appli-
cations in Plant Sciences 4 (9): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3732/apps.1600041.
28. Steffen, L. “Defibrillator-Equipped Drones Are Already Saving Lives!”
6 February 2022. Intelligent Living. https://www.intelligentliving.co/
defibrillator-equipped-drones-are-already-saving-lives/.
29. Ausonio, E., P. Bagnerini, and M. Ghio. 2021. “Drone Swarms in Fire
Suppression Activities: A Conceptual Framework.” Drones (Basel) 5 (1):
17–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones5010017.
30. Wing Aviation LLC. Accessed 25 February 2025. https://wing.com/.
31. Amazon. “Amazon Prime Air Prepares for Drone Deliveries.” 13 June
2022. https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/transportation/amazon-
prime-air-prepares-for-drone-deliveries.
32. United Parcel Service of America Inc. April 2020. “UPS Flight Forward,
CVS to Launch Residential Drone Delivery Service in Florida Retirement
Community to Assist in Coronavirus Response. https://www.globenews
wire.com/news-release/2020/04/27/2022615/0/en/UPS-Flight-Forward-
CVS-To-Launch-Residential-Drone-Delivery-Service-In-Florida
-Retirement-Community-To-Assist-In-Coronavirus-Response.html.
33. Amazon. “Amazon Reveals the New Design for Prime Air’s Delivery
Drone—Here’s Your First Look.” 10 November 2022. https://www.
aboutamazon.com/news/transportation/amazon-prime-air-delivery
-drone-reveal-photos.
34. US Federal Aviation Administration. Accessed 25 February 2025.
“Package Delivery by Drone (Part 135).” https://www.faa.gov/uas/
advanced_operations/package_delivery_drone.
35. US Federal Aviation Administration. Accessed 25 February 2025.
“Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (UTM).” https://www.
faa.gov/uas/research_development/traffic_management.
36. US Department of Transportation. 2022. UTM Concept of Operations
Version 2.0 (UTM ConOps v2.0), 10–53. US Federal Aviation Administra-
tion. https://www.faa.gov/researchdevelopment/trafficmanagement/
utm-concept-operations-version-20-utm-conops-v20.
37. Dominique, D., and F. Dominique. 2017. “A Position and Orientation
Independent Drone Charging System.” Journal of Engineering (Stevenage,
England) 2017 (9): 536–38. https://doi.org/10.1049/joe.2017.0325.
38. Chittoor, P. K., B. Chokkalingam, and L. Mihet-Popa. 2021. “A Review
on UAV Wireless Charging: Fundamentals, Applications, Charging Tech-
niques and Standards.” IEEE Access: Practical Innovations, Open Solutions
9:69235–66. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3077041.
39. Mourgelas, C., S. Kokkinos, A. Milidonis, and I. Voyiatzis. 2020.
“Autonomous Drone Charging Stations: A Survey.” Proceedings of the
24th Pan-Hellenic Conference on Informatics (PCI 2020): 233–236.
New York, NY: Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.
org/10.1145/3437120.3437314.
40. SkyX. “The First SkyX ‘xStation’ Gets Deployed.” 8 June 2017. https://
skyx.com/news/the-first-skyx-xstation-gets-deployed/.
41. Volatus Aerospace Corp. “Aerieport Drone Nesting Station.” Accessed
25 February 2025. https://volatusaerospace.com/aerieport-drone-nesting-
station/.
42. Raciti, A., S. A. Rizzo, and G. Susinni. 2018. “Drone Charging Stations
Over the Buildings Based on a Wireless Power Transfer System.” 2018
IEEE/IAS 54th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical
Conference (I&CPS), 7–10 May 2018, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada: 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2018.8369967.
43. Achtelik, M. C., J. Stumpf, D. Gurdan, and K.-M. Doth. 2011. “Design
of a Flexible High-Performance Quadcopter Platform Breaking the MAV
Endurance Record with Laser Power Beaming.” 2011 IEEE/RSJ Interna-
tional Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 25–30 September
2011, San Francisco, CA: 5166–5172. https://doi.org/10.1109/
IROS.2011.6094731.
44. Gentry, N. K., R. Hsieh, and L.K. Nguyen. 2016. Multi-Use UAV Docking
Station Systems and Methods. US Patent 9,387,928 B1, filed 18 December
2014, and issued 12 July 2016.
45. Wang, M. 2016. Systems and Methods for UAV Docking. US Patent
9,457,915 B2, filed 17 August 2015, and issued 4 October 2016.
46. Coldewey, D. 30 September 2021. “Matternet’s Automated Drone-
Docking Station Makes Its Real-Life Debut in Switzerland.” TechCrunch.
https://techcrunch.com/2021/09/30/matternets-automated-drone
-docking-station-makes-its-real-life-debut-in-switzerland/.
47. HEISHA. 15 August 2022. “D50 Drone Dock.” HEISHA Robot
Charging Station. https://www.heishatech.com/autonomous-drone/
d50-autonomous-drone-in-a-box/.
48. FlytBase Inc. 2022. “Hextronics Drone Docks Powered by FlytBase.”
Complete Drone in a Box Automation Software. https://www.flytnow.com/
drone-docks/hextronics.
49. Skycharge. Accessed 25 February 2025. “Drone Box Hangar – Skyport
DP5.” https://www.skycharge.de/drone-box-hangar.
A P R I L 2 0 2 5 • M AT E R I A L S E V A L U AT I O N 49
