792 M A T E R I A L S E V A L U A T I O N • J U L Y 2 0 2 0 prompting a reevaluation of its entire business model. This standard provides guidelines for the management of ideas: the people who have them and the benefits they bring. It aims to address idea management at both the strategic and operational level through the culture and leadership of an organization, including opportunity and risk management, intrapreneurship, problem-solving, and tools and methods for managing creativity and ideas. This standard supports the innovation manage- ment system introduced in ISO 56002, and is absolutely necessary for NDE 4.0. Since the actual processes and techniques are still being discussed, it is too early for me to comment on its total relevance. However, some parts of the content are likely to have a strong influence on the successful outcome of the NDE 4.0 journey. Also, there are not many good books available on ideation. This document is expected to bring value to any aspect of a functioning organization. ISO 56008 – Innovation Operation Measurements and Metrics (to be published in 2023) This standard will provide guidance for the definition, implementation, evaluation, and further improvement of the measurements necessary to effectively manage innovation operations in an organization. This standard will provide guidance at a general level specifically, the selection of indicators to measure the progress of innovation activities and the performance of the innovation portfolio. Technical teams are excited about the intellectual and qualitative possibilities of NDE 4.0, but business leaders will likely struggle with the ability to track and quantify the projected success of such an initiative for some time. There are only a handful of innovation metrics, and companies that have successfully innovated have figured out the art, rather than the math, of relevant metrics. Once again, it is too early for me to comment on this standard’s applicability. The most popular financial metric is revenue generated from products and services that did not exist three years ago. From an NDE 4.0 perspective, look at it as a technology approach that serves existing business metrics at the top level. At the second level, one can include metrics that help quantify Safety 5.0—improved safety/reliability (POD) and economic value. Going Forward NDE 4.0 is the way to go, given the nature of the digital transformation taking place all around us. It includes the confluence of digital and physical technologies for assuring the safety of infrastructure, assets, and inspectors, as well as creating economic value for business owners, operators, OEMs, and service providers. All of this is quite possible, consid- ering the new opportunities associated with disruptive technologies and how thought leaders are coming together to guide the industry. For some, innovation is a process for others, it is a skill or a competency and for many, it is just an outcome of creative activity. Very soon, ISO standards will put that debate to rest, along with providing highly valuable guidance on execution, with relevance to the emergence of NDE 4.0. Just like in previous revolutions, we again have three options going into the fourth revolution. We can embrace purposeful NDE 4.0 for Safety 5.0, leveraging ISO 56000 guidelines adapt to the changes brought on us by Industry 4.0 and eventually hope to evolve or ignore it, and plan to retire or exit the business. What is your choice? ww ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, thanks to Johannes Vrana of DGZfP for stimu- lating conversations on this topic on an almost-weekly basis. Next, I am grateful to various leaders at ASNT for providing me with a forum to develop and express a perspective on the emerging topic of NDE 4.0 through conversations, short courses, and invited lectures. 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